The Way of learning to be great (or adult education¹) consists in manifesting the clear character, loving the people, and abiding in the highest good.

大學之道，在明明德，在親民，在止於至善。

Only after knowing what to abide in can one be calm. Only after having been calm can one be tranquil. Only after having achieved traquillity can one have peaceful repose. Only after having peaceful repose can one begin to deliberate. Only after deliberation can the end be attained. Things have their roots and branches. Affairs have their beginnings and their ends. To know what is first and what is last will lead one near the Way.

知止而后有定，定而后能靜，靜而后能安，安而后能慮，慮而后能得。物有本末，事有終始，知所先後，則近道矣。

The ancients who wished to manifest their clear character to the  world would first bring order to their states. Those who wished to bring order to their states would first regulate their families. Those who wished to regulate their families would first cultivate their personal lives. Those who wished to cultivate their personal lives would first rectify their minds. Those who wished to rectify their minds would first make their wills sincere. Those who wished to make their wills sincere would first extend their knowledge. The extension of knowledge consists in the investigation of things. When things are investigated, knowledge is extended; when knowledge is extended, the will becomes sincere; when the will is sincere, the mind is rectified; when the mind is rectified, the personal life is cultivated; when the personal life is cultivated, the family will be regulated; when the family is regulated, the state will be in order; and when the state is in order, there will be peace throughout the world. From the Son of Heaven down to the common people, all must regard cultivation of the personal life as the root or foundation.

古之欲明明德於天下者，先治其國；欲治其國者，先齊其家；欲齊其家者，先修其身；欲修其身者，先正其心；欲正其心者，先誠其意；欲誠其意者，先致其知，致知在格物。物格而後知至，知至而後意誠，意誠而後心正，心正而後身修，身修而後家齊，家齊而後國治，國治而後天下平。自天子以至於庶人，壹是皆以修身為本。

There is never a case when the root is in disorder and yet the branches are in order. There has never been a case when what is treated with great importance becomes a matter of slight importance or what is treated with slight importance becomes a matter of great importance.

其本亂而末治者否矣，其所厚者薄，而其所薄者厚，未之有也！

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Zhu Xi’s Remark: The above is the text in one chapter. It is the words of Master Kong, handed down by Zengzi. The ten chapters of commentary which follow are the views of Zengzi and were recorded by his pupils. In the traditional version there have been some mistakes in its arrangement. Now follows the new version fixed by Master Cheng Yi, and in addition, having examined the contents of the text, I have rearranged it as follows: [continues on next page]

右經一章，蓋孔子之言，而曾子述之。其傳十章，則曾子之意而門人記之也。舊本頗有錯簡，今因程子所定，而更考經文，別為序次如左。